Magnetic Field of Straight Current-Carrying Wire

Created by Dominik Czernia, PhD
Reviewed by Bogna Szyk and Adena Benn
Last updated: Jun 05, 2023


This magnetic field of straight current-carrying wire calculator makes it easy to describe the magnetic field produced by a long and straight current-carrying wire. Read on to understand the basics of this phenomenon and find out how you can estimate the strength of this field.

Be sure to check our electromagnetic force on current-carrying wire and the magnetic force between wires calculators too!

Magnetic field of a wire

Did you know that electricity is always strictly linked to magnetism? It is the result of one of Maxwell's equations which says that flowing electric current produces a magnetic field. Let us consider the case of a long straight wire which carries an electric current. In this particular situation, magnetic field lines form concentric circles around the cable, and the strength of the magnetic field depends on the distance from the wire and the current flowing through it.

We can also wind a wire tightly in a thin coil, forming a solenoid. To learn more about solenoids, try our solenoids magnetic field calculator.

How to calculate magnetic field around a wire?

To correctly calculate the magnetic field around a wire, we would need to make use of cross product and the right-hand rule. But we can also approximate. Assuming that our wire is straight and very long, we can estimate a magnetic field around the wire with the following equation:

B = μ0 * I / (2 * π * d)

where

  • I is the current;
  • d is the distance from the wire;
  • B is the strength of the magnetic field produced at distance d;
  • μ0 is the permeability of free space which have constant value μ0 = 4 * π * 10^(-7) [T * m / A].

You can see that the higher the current flowing through the wire and the closer we are to the wire, the stronger the magnetic field produced is.

Earth's magnetic field

The Earth and the other planets and stars in our universe act like huge magnets. The Earth's magnetic field originates in its core, where very hot electrically conducting fluids are. The motion of these fluids generates a flowing current just like in the wire, which is then responsible for producing the magnetic field. The mean magnitude of Earth's magnetic field is changing over the years, but presently it equals about 5 × 10^^(-5) T. Although this is a tiny field, we can still see it on the compass.

Let's use our calculator to estimate a current that must flow in a straight wire to obtain Earth's magnetic field at a distance of 1 cm from the wire. It seems after calculations that we need only 2.5 A to keep up with Earth's magnetic field!

Dominik Czernia, PhD
Current
A
Distance
in
Magnetic field
T
Check out 41 similar electromagnetism calculators 🧲
Acceleration of a particle in an electric fieldAC wattageCapacitance… 38 more
People also viewed…

Coffee kick

A long night of studying? Or maybe you're on a deadline? The coffee kick calculator will tell you when and how much caffeine you need to stay alert after not sleeping enough 😀☕ Check out the graph below!

Grams to cups

The grams to cups calculator converts between cups and grams. You can choose between 20 different popular kitchen ingredients or directly type in the product density.

Resonant frequency

Use the resonant frequency calculator to check out the resonant frequency in an LC circuit.

Vickers hardness number

Estimate the material hardness for your test specimen using the Vickers hardness number calculator.
Copyright by Omni Calculator sp. z o.o.
Privacy policy & cookies
main background