# Cycling Wattage Calculator

Created by Bogna Szyk and Łucja Zaborowska, MD, PhD candidate
Reviewed by Małgorzata Koperska, MD and Jack Bowater
Based on research by
Meyer D, Kloss G, Senner V. What is Slowing Me Down? Estimation of Rolling Resistances During Cycling Procedia Engineering (2016)See 3 more sources
Bertucci WM, Rogier S, Reiser RF 2nd. Evaluation of aerodynamic and rolling resistances in mountain-bike field conditions. Journal of Sports Sciences (2013)JvdM Steyn W, Warnich J. Comparison of tyre rolling resistance for different mountain bike tyre diameters and surface conditions South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation (January 2014)Asker E. Jeukendrup High-performance Cycling Human Kinetics (2002)
Last updated: Sep 05, 2022

This cycling wattage calculator is a tool designed for all cycling passionates. With its help, you can explore the relationship between the power you produce and various parameters such as speed, biking position, hill slope, or pavement type. For example, you can find out how much power you can save when switching from knobby to slick tires.

Thanks to this cycling power calculator, you will finally be able to compare two cyclists with fundamentally different styles – for example, a road cyclist who never gets off his slick-tired bike and an MTB enthusiast who enjoys hardcore off-road adventures.

## What is the cycling wattage?

Cycling wattage is the power you produce with your legs to get your bike going (and, preferably, going fast). You can think of it as the ultimate measure of your biking skills: the more power you can produce, the better cyclist you are.

The cycling power is measured in watts. One watt corresponds to one joule of energy produced every second.

Our cycling wattage calculator is based on the model described in detail in the paper . It assumes that the power you produce is equal to the sum of resistances you need to overcome, multiplied by your speed. Additionally, we take power losses into consideration.

The cycling wattage formula that we use looks like this:

$\footnotesize P = (Fg + Fr + Fa) \times v / (1 - \text{loss})$

where:

• $P$ – Your power;
• $Fg$ – Resisting force due to gravity;
• $Fr$ – Rolling resistance force;
• $Fa$ – Aerodynamic drag;
• $v$ – Your speed in m/s; and
• $\text{loss}$ – Percentage loss in power.

In the following sections of this text, we will look at each component of this cycling power equation in more detail.

## Component 1: Gravity

If you're cycling uphill, you need to overcome the force of gravity. Naturally, if you're going downhill, gravity will actually help you, making you accelerate without any additional effort.

The force of gravity can be calculated as:

$\footnotesize \!F_g\! =\! g\! \times\! \sin{(\arctan\!{(\text{slope}))}}\! \times\! (M + m)$

where:

• $F_g$ – Resisting force due to gravity;
• $g$ – Gravitational acceleration, equal to $9.80665\ \text{m}/\text{s}^2$;
• $\text{slope}$ – Slope of the hill, expressed as a percentage (positive for going uphill and negative for going downhill);
• $M$ – Your weight in kg; and
• $m$ – Weight of your bicycle and any extra gear, also in kg.

## Component 2: Rolling resistance

The next factor that will undoubtedly slow you down is the friction between your tires and the surface. The smoother the road and the slicker your tires, the less friction you will experience.

The formula for rolling resistance is:

$\footnotesize \begin{split} F_r = g \times \cos\!{(\arctan\!{(\text{slope}))}}\\ \times\ (M + m) \times C_{rr} \end{split}$

where:

• $F_r$ – Rolling resistance; and
• $C_{rr}$ – Rolling resistance coefficient.

The estimates for the rolling resistance coefficient $Crr$ in our cycling wattage calculator are based on the findings of researchers from the and the :

Surface type

Slick tires

Knobby tires

Concrete

0.0020

0.0025

Asphalt

0.0050

0.0063

Gravel

0.0060

0.0076

Grass

0.0070

0.0089

0.0200

0.0253

Sand

0.0300

0.0380

## Component 3: Aerodynamic drag

The third component of the power equation is the aerodynamic drag. It's a force of air resistance. Unlike the previous two components, it's dependent on your speed raised to the second power - the faster you are, the higher the air resistance. It means that the faster you go, the more difficult it is to keep speeding up.

The aerodynamic drag can be calculated according to the formula below:

$\footnotesize F_a = 0.5 \times C_d \times A \times \rho \times (v + w)^2$

where:

• $F_a$ – Aerodynamic drag;
• $C_d$ – Drag coefficient;
• $A$ – Your frontal area;
• $\rho$ – Air density;
• $v$ – Your speed; and
• $w$ – Wind speed (positive for headwind and negative for tailwind).

It is common to estimate the value of $C_d \times A$ instead of determining each of these two separately. We are using the values suggested by Asker E. Jeukendrup in his book :

Position

$C_d \times A$

Tops

0.408

Hoods

0.324

Drops

0.307

Aerobars

0.2914

The positions are:

• Tops – Hands hold the top straight portion of the handlebars.
• Hoods – Hands grip the brake lever hoods at the top of the curved portion of the handlebars.
• Drops – Hands hold lower down the curve on the dropped or curved section of the handlebars.
• Aerobars – Hands grip the extra handlebars on the front of the triathlon bike.

Additionally, our cycling wattage calculator estimates the air density at a given elevation above sea level (a.s.l.) according to the barometric formula:

$\footnotesize \rho = \rho_0\! \times\! \exp\!{\left((-g\! \times\! M_0\! \times\! h) / (R\! \times\! T_0)\right)}$

where:

• $\rho$ – Air density;
• $\rho_0$ – Air density at the sea level, equal to $1.225\ \text{kg}/\text{m}^2$;
• $g$ – Gravitational acceleration, equal to $9.80665\ \text{m}/\text{s}^2$;
• $M_0$ – Molar mass of Earth's air, equal to $0.0289644\ \text{kg}/\text{mol}$;
• $h$ – Elevation above sea level;
• $R$ – Universal gas constant for air, equal to $8.3144598\ \text{N×m}/\text{(mol×K)}$; and
• $T_0$ – Standard temperature equal to $288.15\ \text{K}$.

After substituting the constants, we can simplify this equation to:

$\footnotesize \rho = 1.225 \times \exp\!{\left(-0.00011856 \times h)\right)}$

## Component 4: Cycling power losses

Not all of the power that you produce when cycling is transferred directly to the wheels. Some of it is lost either due to the resistance of the chain or of the derailleur pulleys.

Our cycling power calculator assumes a constant 1.5% loss on your pulleys. The losses on the chain are dependent on its condition:

• $3\%$ for a new, well-oiled chain;
• $4\%$ for a dry chain (for example, when the oil has been washed away by rain); and
• $5\%$ for a dry chain that is so old it became elongated.

You can check out on the mechanical resistance of bikes for more information about the power losses.

## Interpreting my result

Now you know your cycling wattage – but what does that number mean, exactly? The table below provides an overview of the power-to-weight ratio (power that can be produced per kilogram of body weight) over different durations compiled by Dr. Andrew Coggan, a renowned exercise physiologist.

Table of power-to-weight ratios for different cyclist types. Each column presents different times the cyclist can sustain maximum power output.

Cyclist type

5 minutes

20 minutes

1 hour

Recreational

2.5

2.1

1.8

Amateur

3.7

3.3

3.0

Professional

7.0

6.1

6.0

For a cyclist, power is probably the most useful piece of data you can get. By knowing your power, you can learn about your performance, health, and even the state of your body. Of all of these values, the most mainstream of them has to be calorie consumption.

Not only are calories a common way for people to measure the level of activity they performed, but it also helps you better plan your nutrition and provides a measure by which you can set goals, be it fat loss, performance improvement, or building muscle.

It is for this reason that we have added a small feature under Advanced mode that lets you estimate the calories you burnt on your ride. This is a very simple process since power and energy are related by a single value: elapsed time.

When we are talking about a human doing some work, we also need to take into account the inefficiencies of our bodies. Our bodies always burn more energy than they produce and that difference is what we call efficiency. Once we model these losses into our formula, we arrive at:

$\footnotesize \text{Calories} = \frac{\text{Power} \times \text{Time} / 4.18}{0.24}$

Where $\small\text{Power}$ refers to the average power you sustained for the $\small\text{Time}$ of the activity, $4.18$ is the conversion factor from Joules (SI unit) to calories, and $0.24$ is the efficiency ($24\%$) of an average human body when cycling.

Remember that this is an estimation that works better for steady-paced rides than it does, for example, for HITT training. This is because the efficiency of our bodies changes slightly with power output and effort level.

If you want a more detailed analysis of your calorie consumption on the bike and the fat-loss implications, please visit our calories burned while cycling calculator.

## FAQ

### What is my wattage at 35 km/h on flat ground?

Assuming you weigh 70 kg and are riding a well-maintained 8 kg road bike, about 200 W.

Many parameters affect this quantity, but it's safe to say that it lies in between the newbie and the professional ranges.

### What is the best type of handlebar to maximize my wattage?

Aerobars. If you want to get the most out of your legs, use the triathlon extension. The type of handlebars affects your wattage due to a contribution to the aerodynamic drag.

For aerobars this contribution is 0.2914. It increases to 0.307 and 0.324 respectively for drops and hoods, and it's highest when you are relaxed on the tops, at 0.408.

### What are the components of the cycling wattage formula?

To calculate the wattage, you need three components:

1. Gravity Fg, with formula:

Fg = g × sin(arctan(slope)) × (M + m)

where:

• g is the gravitational parameter; and

• M and m are the masses of cyclist and bike, respectively.

2. Rolling resistance Fr, with formula:

Fr = g × cos(arctan(slope)) × (M + m) × Crr, where:

• Crr is the rolling resistance coefficient.
3. Aerodynamic drag is given by:

Fa = 0.5 × Cd × A × ρ × (v + w)²

where:

• Cd is the drag coefficient;
• A is the frontal area;
• ρ is the air density;
• v the speed, and w the wind speed.

### What is the maximum wattage of a cyclist?

2400-2500 watts is a cyclist's maximum wattage when we consider short, peak efforts. For longer distances, the record is about 440 watts: Bradley Wiggins averaged this incredible power during his successful attempt to break the hour record.

For comparison, while cycling for leisure, at a speed of 20 km/h, you generate less than 100 W; on a normal training ride averaging 35 km/h, you can reach up to 250 W.

Bogna Szyk and Łucja Zaborowska, MD, PhD candidate
lb
Bike and gear weight
lb
Speed
mph
Position
Tops
Gear
Tires
Slick
Chain
New, well-oiled
External conditions
Surface
Asphalt
Wind speed
mph
%
Elevation
ft
a.s.l.
Wattage
Power
W
Power-to-weight ratio
W/
lb
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